Essay on Ancient Crete - 1632 Words

Ancient Crete First Inhabitants ?Humans are believed to have arrived on the island now known as Crete sometime between 6500-6000 BCE, and the early Neolithic inhabitants may have arrived from Asia Minor.? While these early inhabitants were primitive, they had already adapted some stages of productivity such as possessing domestic animals (?Minoan,? Dilos).? Modern archeological findings date handmade ceramic pottery, which was frequently decorated with incised geometric motifs and made to imitate vessels made of straw, wood, or hide, to this early time period (Koutsoupakis).? Minoan Civilization ?Around 3000 BCE, Crete became the home of the early Minoan civilization, a Bronze Age culture, named after the legendary ruler†¦show more content†¦Pottery styles and decorations evolved during this time as Minoans used particular firing techniques and shaped pottery into designs such as ?teapot? shapes and tall, beaked pitchers.? Toward 1900 BCE, the end of this period, known as the Pre-Palace Period, the first polychrome pottery was made (?Minoan,? Dilos). The First Palace Period: 1900-1700 BCE ?The next historical period, known as the First Palace Period, has been so named because the Minoans began to build large palaces.? Modern excavations indicate there were palaces in Knossos, Phaestos, Malia, and Zakros, though archeologists believe there must have been others (?Minoan,? Dilos).? Excavations of these palaces have revealed several common characteristics: each contained a large public courtyard and provisions for storing large quantities of grain.? The palaces were believed to be administrative centers for large local populations; for example, recent estimates suggest Knossos had between 15,000 and 50,000 people (?The Missing Minoans?).? Palace excavations also reveal fine decorative pottery, perhaps the most decorative in the world, which was probably made at palace workshops (Koutsoupakis).? The pottery, known as Kamares ware and named after the cave where the pottery was first discovered, utilized polychrome and full movement in its designs.? Made in a variety of sha pes, andShow MoreRelatedCauses Of Minoan Civilization993 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization is the first advanced civilization of the prehistoric Aegean region that was developed on a small island of Crete, where Sir Arthur Evans an English archaeologist named the civilization after a Cretan king called Minos. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to identify Minoan major civilization and the cause of its demise. Mystery of Minoan Crete Civilization Crete was the first inhabitant during the Neolithic period known as the â€Å"New Stone Age†. It was of the believe that the earliestRead MoreEssay on The Palace of Knossos995 Words   |  4 PagesArchaeology gives the modern world a window into the past. One of Greece’s major dig sites is the palace of Knossos. The palace of Knossos stood on the island of Crete near the modern town of Heraklion at the co-ordinates 35 ° 17’ 52.66†N, 25 ° 9’ 47.36†E. It was the home of King Minos and his queen. The Palace is the setting for a myth where the queen gave birth to a being that was half man, half bull, the Minotaurs, which was kept in the labyrinth of the palace; He was eventually slayed by the AthenianRead MoreThe Snake Goddess1440 Words   |  6 Pagesfigurine, however evidence supports that The Snake Goddess symbolizes fertility, holiness, and life and death (Flamee). The most prominent way The Snake Goddess represents fertility is by her appearance. Standing at 13 ½ inches in the Herakleion Museum at Crete, The Snake Goddess holds a snake in each hand, wears a hat with a sitting cat on top and has exposed bare breasts (Witcombe). The fact that she is depicted partially nude, with her breasts uncovered is interpreted as a sign of fertility mostly relatingRead MoreSpreading Your Wings Essay806 Words   |  4 Pageskey component. One piece of Whiting’s collection which can be seen at the River Gallery Sculpture Garden is his representation of Icarus. In Greek mythology, Icarus was the son of Daedalus, who built the labyrinth for King Minos of Crete in order to imprison the Minotaur. Minos imprisoned Daedalus and Icarus as well, though. However, being a craftsman, Daedalus constructed two pairs of wings from wax and feathers. When Icarus donned the wings and flew away from his prison, he flewRead MoreThe Differences Between Religion And Economy1177 Words   |  5 Pageseconomy apparent in Minoan crete indicates that women enjoyed an elite and possibly powerful status in society. The Minoans occupied crete for about 1500 years and yet the Evidence derived from archaeological sources display the omnipresent representation of women and supports the idea that the Minoans were a female dominated society. However, written references to the Minoan ruler mention a ‘King Minos’ and create a platform for debate as to who, if anybody, ruled Minoan Crete. Religion and it’s significanceRead MoreThe Bull At The Palace Of Minos Essay1836 Words   |  8 Pagescaptivating tales from Ancient Greece is that of King Minos of Crete and the Minotaur, a beast half-man and half-bull. This legend, immortalised by modern films, has its origins in the Aegean, at a time when the bull held a special place in society. During excavations near Heraklion in Crete in 1990, English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans unearthed a massive structure built by a sophisticated Bronze Age civilisation. Evans identified this as the Palace of King Minos in the ancient city of KnossosRead MoreThe Aegean Bronze Age Essay1516 Words   |  7 Pagescreatures, hybrids and composites were prominent, alluding to the ways in which the Minoan populace endured the changing scope of their society. Yet despite these emblems’ production, the notion of fantastic beings did not necessarily originate from Crete alone. More often than not, cultural practices migrated and constantly moved allowing for adaptations in material culture to materialize. Bearing this in mind, this essay will seek to probe the ways in which fantastic creatures moved and were adaptedRead MoreAtlantis: A Lesson Thats Twisted or Could It Have Existed? Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesFantasy is a tough sell in the twenty-first century. The world has been completely discovered and fully charted. Popular media has effectively minimized the legend and fantastic rumor, and advances in science continue to disprove many ancie nt myths. Satellites have mapped and studied the earth, leaving only a space frontier that is yet unreachable. But standing out is a charming fantasy the modern world has yet to verify or condemn: the Lost Continent of Atlantis. Plato gave the world itsRead MoreThe Greek Island Of Crete1411 Words   |  6 PagesLocated on the Greek island of Crete is the ancient Palace of Knossos. It is found on the outskirts of the modern day city, Heraklion. The city of Knossos, as shown below, is directly focused in the centre of Crete and is slightly off the north coast. Even more so, it is situated south of the Greek mainland. Knossos, in simplistic terms, is an ancient Minoan palace and surrounding city on the island of Crete, where it was sung of by Homer in his Odyssey. The marvelled settlement wasRead MoreThe Minoan Civilization On The Mediterranean Island Of Crete Essay1141 Words   |  5 PagesThe Minoan Civilization began on the Mediterranean island of Crete. It was first excavated by Sir Arthur Evans. The possible civilization sparked his interest when a charm that the Minoans use to wear was found, and it was brought to his attention. He started at Knossos, where the possible civilization became a reality. He uncovered multiple palaces, which have all been named since then. They are named: Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, and Zakros. Each one shows signs of religion, trade, and politics. They

Critical Review On Angela Davis - 873 Words

Annabelle Villegas ENG 106 Professor Asbell 10 March 2017 Critical Book Review Angela Davis is best known for being a political activist for social issues as well as being a member of the Black Panther Party and Communist party. Davis is well educated and received wide attention when she was fired from UCLA for being a member in the communist party. She also received wide attention when a takeover in a courtroom which killed several people by a gun was registered under her name. She was put on trial and acquitted for murder but found not guilty. In the past few years, she has been focusing on fighting against the prison system. She is the founder of Critical Resistance, a national organization about prison industrial complex. Her book†¦show more content†¦For example, she gives the history of prisons in California â€Å"There are now thirty-three prisons, thirty-eight canos, sixteen community correctional facilities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  ( Davis 13) She further explains how there has been an huge increase in prisons and prisoners and presents her argument o n the reasons why prisons have increased such as the Prison Industrial Complex in which she explains in chapter five. This chapter helps gives you a preview of what Davis will be talking about throughout the book. In chapter two, slavery, civil rights, and abolitionist perspectives toward prison,, Davis provides a connection of slavery and prison institutions. She provides an insight in a way that I have never thought about prisons before. Davis reflects back on history and explains how slavery has not ended yet but has change. She explains how even though slavery is abolition. before slavery was normal just how prisons are normal to us. Overtime, we may change our views about prisons and come to the conclusion to abolish prisons. In chapter three, imprisonment and reform, Davis explains the means of imprisonment and what reform has to do with it. Davis argues that prisons are obsolete because they are undemocratic because they take away human rights such as the 13th amendment. Sh e argues that a democracy would not need prisons and many social problems would be fix. Prisons are a way of social control in which exploitsShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Demarginalizing The Intersection Of Race And Sex849 Words   |  4 PagesCritique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory, and Antiracist Politics,† I would like to start my critical review essay by mentioning the Black feminist studies book entitled â€Å"All the Women Are White, All the Blacks Are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave.† Having this idea of problematic predisposition to treat race and gender as mutually exclusive entities in mind, I would like to review Angela Davis’s book entitled â€Å"Women, Race, and Class†, and compare my findings to Kimberle Crenshaw’s groundbreakingRead MoreMen Let Me By Rebecca Solnit Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThis book review is on the book, Men Explain Things to Me by Rebecca Solnit, which was published in 2014. Rebecca Solnit write s a book of essays that interprets the silence that women hold towards men in their everyday life. Young women must know the reality that we do not live a fairy tale life where women are treated as royalty by their husband or boyfriend. Women are treated as objects in where men could play with them as if they are dolls, whom they pay attention to whenever they would like toRead MoreImmigartion, Incarceration and Deportation Essays2642 Words   |  11 PagesTexas among other Immigration departments to deport them. Most of the time undocumented people get deported because they cannot afford to pay a lawyer and try to do something to remain in this country. As I was reading Are prison obsolete by Angela Davis, she talks about the history of prisons around the world and in the United States and how they link together as an alternative to punitive punishment. The concept of personal liberty and the thought of taking away personal liberty as a form ofRead MoreJim Jones And The Jonestown Massacre Essay1322 Words   |  6 Pages1970. He created a fund for the families of slain police officers. This was the beginning of a viable process he used to make valuable friends through charitable contributions. The first bad press Jones received in the Bay area was a somewhat critical story run by the San Francisco Examiner in 1972. The paper exposed that Jones had claimed to be a prophet and said he could raise the dead. Perhaps to preempt any further embarrassment Jones subsequently gave out grants to 12 newspapers. HeRead MoreIllegal Immigration Throughout Americ An Overview2547 Words   |  11 Pagesnation’s democratic system. As Garrett Davis has put it into context, â€Å"Shall they come and take possession of our country and our government, and rule us, or will we, who have the right, rule them and ourselves?† The negative impact of illegal immigrants surpasses any positive input in America’s domestic politics to give credit on noble intellect, high cultivation and moral worth which is very difficult find or nonexistent among them, in accordance with Garrett Davis. Another discomfort provided by illegalRead MorePrison Reform Topic Paper : Prisons6604 Words   |  27 Pages 2010; Rossum, 2003). On the other hand, the regulations of the prison system may seek to opportunities to resocialize prisoners or to effect changes in the character, attitudes, or behavior of the convicted offender (Zyl Smit, 2010; Harvard Law Review, 2010). Which approach is the most effective for a society that decides to punish? What do we do about those who commit crimes? This questions seems to have a more definitive answer in the US. The last four decades of American criminal justice haveRead MoreResearch9521 Words   |  39 PagesPETER S. DAVIS, Ph.D. ADDRESS: Professor Peter S. Davis UNC Charlotte | Dept. of Management 9201 University City Blvd. | Charlotte, NC 28223 Phone: 704-687-7632 | Fax: 704-687-3123 peter.davis@uncc.edu | http://www.uncc.edu EDUCATION: Ph.D. in Business Administration, 1988 University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC Major area: Strategic Management; Minor area: Marketing Bachelor of Science in Business Administration, 1973 Read MoreThe Study Of The Division Between Feminists3719 Words   |  15 Pagesand class oppression made women become marginalised in postcolonial societies. In post-colonial feminism, they don’t follow the argument that patriarchy is the primary factor in gender oppression like much other feminisms do. They are also very critical of the western forms of feminism, such as radical feminism and liberal feminism and their universalisation of a woman’s experience, struggles, and their day to day battles. Third world feminism, like post-colonial feminism, does not favour westernRead MoreBlack Male Success in Higher Education Essay2272 Words   |  10 Pagesreason for this is often misconstrued. The percentages of white high school graduates â€Å"In 1998-2000 had jumped to 46. However, only 40 percent of African-Americans and 34 percent of Hispanics in the same age group were attending college† (McGlynn, An gela Proviteira). The question then to pose, is why minority students are not succeeding in college compared to Caucasian students, â€Å"Only 47% of Black male students graduated on time from U.S. high schools in 2008, compared to 78% of White male students†Read MoreRacism : A Social Problem And Controversial Issue Around The World Essay2108 Words   |  9 Pagesrelationship with even though they have racist thoughts or actions given to us in â€Å"Spike Lee and the Sympathetic Racist. Meanwhile, he promoted white viewers to examine their race and presumption how to see themselves, others, and whiteness from critical distance. On one hand, white viewers have difficulty to image their whiteness from the outside because their life experience did not require them to look at whiteness and develop such as its form of cognition. In this way, Sympathetic racist character

Mrs Arbuthnot and Hester free essay sample

How does Oscar Wilde make Hester and Mrs Arbuthnot contrasting characters? Oscar Wilde has many characters through ‘A Woman of No Importance’ that have contrasting personalities and backgrounds, but the characters with a clear, most definite contrast are Hester and Mrs Arbuthnot. Mrs Arbuthnot is known to the readers of the play and the characters in the play as a ‘fallen woman’. She has run off with at least two men whilst married and has now developed a reputation with the rest of the community. She is a very flirtatious character and likes to ‘play with fire’. This means she also will try to get the attention of any man possible. Hester, on the other hand, is very religious and has extremely different morals and views to Mrs Arbuthnot. She doesn’t agree with running off with other men, sex before marriage or flirting with other men, so Hester and Mrs Arbuthnot, in this sense, have different morals. We will write a custom essay sample on Mrs Arbuthnot and Hester or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mrs Arbuthnot’s relationship with Lord Illingworth is very flirtatious and public. Everyone in the community has heard about them so nothing about them is private. Hester and Gerald’s relationship on the other hand, is very different. Hester plays almost ‘hard to get’ and doesn’t draw attention to her or the fact that she may like Gerald. She likes to keep her business private so no one knows anything about her to judge her. Mrs Arbuthnot is from England and is very friendly with the higher class people. These people have been born into wealth and don’t like people who have earned their money through working. However, Hester is from America and has had to work her way up to gain money and to be where she is today. She doesn’t agree with people being born into wealth and those people looking down on the people who have worked their way up. Both Mrs Arbuthnot and Hester disagree with each other in this sense which shows a contrasting of personalities. On the other hand, Hester says ‘nothing should be out of the reach of hope’, which could seem that Hester doesn’t worry about social class and it doesn’t matter when you are in hierarchy, Finally, Mrs Arbuthnot believes that men are stronger than woman and they have a higher authority and more power than women do. She has the typical view of a Victorian woman where the men boss the women around and then women do as they are told. Hester believes in equality and has very strong views about it. She believes that all men and women should be valued the same and that no one is any different. Hester is almost like she is saying exactly what Oscar Wilde is thinking. Therefore, throughout this play, Oscar Wilde shows contrasting characters through wealth, class and morals.

The Length of the Working Day and Class Struggle

The significance of each workday time-span According to Marx, there are some levels of significance attached to the length of each working day. In fact, the power and quantity of labor should normally be purchased and consequently traded at a price that matches its worth or value. The final value derived from a product accrues from labor power. The value results from the time taken to make a product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Length of the Working Day and Class Struggle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it is true that the quantity of labor force that is required to offer subsistence is hardly equivalent to the duration of each working day. The time taken to complete task and create value is more than the required workforce time. This is what translates into surplus labor as Marx claims. Therefore, the length of each workday ought to be considered as a variable quantity that adjusts in accordanc e with the quantity of excess labor force. The period used in every workday can however just fluctuate within definite confines. From the capitalist system’s nature, there will always be certain levels of surplus labor. Whereas this surplus labor may approach zero limits, it cannot be an absolute zero in as much as real limits do not exist. The employees’ maximum working days are constrained or limited by both the moral constraints as well as the physical limitations, including the necessitation to accomplish other duties. Thus, with respect to the length of working days, capitalists appear to derive some mutual benefits when they compel the labor force to toil an extra mile to generate additional product value. This implies that, all capitalists will normally materialize as capital embodied. The essence of capitalists will just resemble the capital soul, and it will not assume any other attribute. Regardless of being aware of the needs of each labor force, capitalist are less concerned about the benefits derived by workforce when they extend the span of time worked every day. Capital has a distinctive attribute. Its drive is to compel the production means to absorb excess quantities of labor force to produce surplus values. Capitalists will hence strive to derive the highest possible returns or benefits from the labor force use-values. The labor forces have their personal observations as regards to the length of time they should carry out their tasks. For instance, the power or energy used by workers is unlike that which accrues from other services or products. Indeed, the power generated from labor can be used to create value in products and services. From the perspective of labor force, the demands made by capitalists reveal the excessive use of workers power. For instance, entrepreneurs may potentially exploit loads of workforce energy in a single day. Nonetheless, the same labor force might take approximately four to five days in order to re instate the consumed energy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The capitalists use labor-power and spoil the same labor. To be honest, if capitalists were workers, they might not be able to employ five days worth of their workforce energy in a single day, and just pay themselves only a single day’s worth. Therefore, just as capitalists demand product values, the labor force should be reimbursed based on the generated commodities value. This necessitates that the length of each working day should be a factor to be considered when paying the labor force. Why Harvey sees the workday time-span tension as class struggle In the work of Marx, the central subject relates to class tension whereby class conflict defines the history. The present time is not an exception of this. In fact, in the contemporary era, class conflicts are described by the stress present amid employees an d entrepreneurs. Class struggle emerges because of the asymmetry amid the exchange values of workforce power and the derived user values. The strongest class in the struggle is that of the capitalists. That is, the time span for each workday is a factor that should be considered when paying workers. Nevertheless, the capitalists use their class to define and exert extra force when implementing what they think the labor force should be paid. Whereas capitalists are the strongest class, they are not just given superior bargaining command against the workers. Most societal organizations including chattel bylaws were defined to support and protect the desires of capitalists. The production mode is made to look as if it belongs to the capitalists’ economic system. These modes of production continuously support capitalists to an extent that they destroy the essence of the workforce. Despite the surplus value generated by labor force after working for longer hours, it is difficult t o find that the capitalists are behaving differently. The amount given to workforce as a representation of their efforts remains the same, hence causing tensions amongst these two groups. Gaining surplus values and improving products worth are the desires and essence of the capitalists. All capitalists realize these goals via exploiting the workforce through failing to offer them the recommended payments for the complete value package on what has been produced. As a result, there is a structural struggle involving capitalists and labor force given that capitalists are compelled to exploit to survive. Any system that belongs to the capitalists necessitates the exploitation of the workforce. There are measures taken to reduce the hardships faced by employees.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Length of the Working Day and Class Struggle specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These include welfare and minimum remunerat ion packages. Nevertheless, these measures are just assumed as financial aid. In reality, the financial aids are not meant to cover the time taken to generate surplus value. It is hard to change what capitalists think or believe, and so is it the case with the labor force. This essay on The Length of the Working Day and Class Struggle was written and submitted by user Travis Golden to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Contract Law - Doctrine of Consideration essays

Contract Law - Doctrine of Consideration essays The doctrine of consideration has been a source of much discussion over the years. In 1937, the doctrine of consideration was under review by the English Law Revision Committee. They suggested that the inconvenience and possible injustice resulting from the doctrine of consideration raise the question whether it presents countervailing disadvantages which justify its retention. Furthermore they acknowledged that the French Civil Code finds cause as the important component in a contract. In Germany, the law looks at the intention of the parties that make up the contract. Both societies do not recognise the doctrine of consideration, yet they are both highly developed legal systems, and they operate without the difficulties that our society experiences with the doctrine of consideration. They also acknowledged that, even though there was much support for the abolition of this doctrine, it was so deeply embedded in...law that any measure which proposed to do away with it altoge ther would almost certainly arouse suspicion and hostility. The English Law Revision Committee therefore suggested amending the doctrine to eliminate those aspects which may cause both hardship and unnecessary inconvenience. The committee believed that this was a crucial course of action for the doctrine of consideration to prevent hardship and unnecessary inconvenience. The recommendations made by the committee were not enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The courts have, by decisions made on particular cases, made an effort to apply the recommendations made by the committee to reduce the hardship and unnecessary inconvenience that the doctrine of consideration may cause. Cases such as Williams v Roffey Bros Maher are some cases that the courts have used a...

Genghis Khan Resume Essays

Genghis Khan Resume Essays Genghis Khan Resume Essay Genghis Khan Resume Essay Focused mainly on relationship development and general retention and grow the . ; Use military strategies that focus on intelligence gathering and deep understanding of rivals motivations. Conquered such empires on the road to glory as the Western Ixia Dynasty, the Jinx Dynasty, and Ukrainian Kanata. Used deep analysis to identify, strategies, and act on expansion opportunities. Presented conclusions and decisions clearly to War Generals and other upper management. Accomplishments: Created the largest empire the world has ever known, stretching from Korea t Hungary at its largest extent. Unified the Mongol people. ; Organized a nearly invincible army of fearless, nomadic warriors. ; Extraordinary speed and devastating ruthlessness in conquering territories. Skills: Self taught hunting and gathering after my entire family was exiled from my d dead fathers tribe. Excelled in marmot catching and murdering half-breeds in order to establish family dominance and begin building my empire. I nterests: Hunting ; Settling Scores Letter delivered by Horsemen February 20, 1225 Mrs.. Selene United Federation of Conquerors Dear Mrs.. Selene, Have you ever conquered over 12,700,000 square miles, and had one of the largest empires of all time, I Genesis Khan would be the perfect fit for the position of Chairman of the board of the United Federation of Conquerors because of my large expansion in a small period of time, and my absolute destruction of all in my way. When I founded the Mongol empire I never knew how much land we would conquer in such a short period of time, we were able to get more land in 25 y ears then the Romans got in 400 years. : By having an army Of nearly invincible army Of fee roles, nomadic warriors and by using military strategies that focus on intelligence gathering and deep understanding of rivals motivations we were able to devastate the r armies and cities that stood in our way. The Mongol empire was known as one of the most feared empires of all time because of our ruthless killings and fearless army, if you did not surrender to us your village, city, even empire would be completely slaughtered. But if you did sour ender and join us you would be free to continue your practices and faith.

Portfolio 6 - Lesson Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Portfolio 6 - Lesson Plan - Essay Example self expression is critical for the development of children’s identities and â€Å"sense of self.† Metaphorical thinking is a skill that, if left unused, can atrophy. A key element in the lesson plan is attempts to bolster student reflection on their artistic work; this reflection is an important element for any artistic production and is the step in the learning process which most calls on students to think metaphorically and to simply express their own views and identity. The understanding developed through addressing Component 4 provides the basis for reconstructing or reframing. You suggest how your understanding of the information/substance/content and the issues raised, will influence your future actions. The Sorcerers Apprentice (LApprenti Sorcier) is a symphonic piece composed in 1897 by the French composer, Paul Dukas (1865-1935). Its history reaches back in time to AD150 and stretches to the present day. The composition is a form of program music because it is intended to evoke images in the mind of the listener by musically representing a scene, narrative, image or mood. In this case, the music relates to the poem written by the famous German figure, Goethe (1749-1832), who in turn had based his poem on a story by the Greek, Lucian, written around AD150. The story and music were popularized in 1940 by the Walt Disney film Fantasia (a set of animated short stories based on classical music). In the Disney version, Mickey Mouse plays the sorcerer’s apprentice. This segment of the film was so popular that it was repeated in the remake of the film in 2000. The story differs in each account but the contemporary theme of the unwitting person unleashing powers beyond their control appears in many other stories including Faust, Frankenstein and Golem - that have in turn spawned a whole range of variations in films and computer games - and fairy tales such as The Master and his Pupil. Dukas’ music is richly textured with musical themes and motifs

Enterprise Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Enterprise Finance - Essay Example The basic characterization of these sources can be done on two levels; internal and external (Biz/ed 2007). Previously, internal sources were more widely available to businesses, and they depended heavily on this method of financing. However, now external sources are also being greatly availed. Each method has several more characterizations, and each sub-source has its own advantages and disadvantages. The discussion that follows will cite as examples several of these sources for an analysis of the different methods of business finance. Internal Sources: as the name implies, this method of financing depends upon the business itself, and no external help is involved. Economic stability ha to be generated from within the establishment. Bushiness that do not have resources, funds or the means to invest or implore outside means of finance see it as the ideal way of establishing and developing their businesses. It is easier, hassle free and can be done on a more customized level, as the only party involved is the business management itself. However, this method involves a greater time period for the results to surface, and the management has to rely on its components for co-operation and patience if the efforts have top be dealt with successfully. Furthermore, mostly relatively small business make use of this approach of financing, as the greater the establishment, the greater the funds required for the maintenance and development of the business, and these increased funds can seldom be catered for internally. Also, all the loses of incurred during this process of financing would have to be born by the

Sociological Imagination and Social Issues Essay Example for Free

Sociological Imagination and Social Issues Essay People are more likely to use psychological arguments to explain why things are they way they are rather than look at the sociological aspect of them. They think that problems happening in their lives are personal and overlook that they may be caused by society (Ferris Stein 13). Sociological imagination challenges people to look at the â€Å"intersection between biography and history† and see the role we each play in society (Mills 1959 and Ferris Stein 13). We must look at how larger social issues are intertwined in with each individual’s life and how society shapes a person. There are many benefits with using the sociological perspective on life and one of the most important ones is obtaining a â€Å"world beyond our own immediate sphere† (Ferris Stein 13). By doing this, we can seek radically different ways to experience life and look at our reality differently then we ever thought possible. It forces us to see how we created our values, morals, beliefs, and at some point we may need to reevaluate why we had them to begin with. Thinking with a sociological imagination makes us see the errors of our thinking and how we can change that. Macrosociology looks at how society and its social structure determine individual’s lives and sometimes even beliefs and opinions. I believe that I view myself differently because of how society told me I must be. It is instilled in us to be successful and I push my own limits in order to achieve that and my thoughts constantly revolve around how successful I can be and the consequences if I am not (Jenkins. My â€Å"Me and Society† Journal. 10/05/12). Society tends to set up rules or general guidelines for how everyone should live their lives and how to act socially. When a person departs from the â€Å"norm† in any way they are considered deviant and when the violations of rules have been written into law they are considered crimes (Dreiling. 10/23/2012. Lecture). How deviance is perceived may be different depending on who is explaining it. Psychologists state that personality characteristics within the individual that drive them to stray from the norm  while sociologists believe that social relations outside the individual are the cause (Dreiling. 10/23/2012. Lecture). There are many things, however, that are not only considered an act of deviance but consequences or benefits from being deviant. There are two general divisions of deviant violations: folkways and mores. Violation of folkways are more common, frowned upon issues such as jaywalking or poor manners whereas violations of mores are illegal incidences such as murder or rape. When these act of deviances occur, there are those who bind groups together and this can reinforce the person to continue these acts. Majority of the people, however, disapprove of these acts and they are called a negative sanction (Dreiling. 10/23/2012. Lecture). They tend to look down upon the acts, gossip, and with the more serious violations, imprison individuals and receive capital punishment. While the United States uses capital punishment and imprisonment as punishment for deviance, other countries don’t have these resources if they even desired to use it. Therefore, there are other techniques they use such as the Amish who shun those who violate the strict norms of the group because guilt of immorality is the ultimate punishment. They believe that those in the religious community cannot associate with lawbreakers even if they are family members and while the shunning is temporary, it has an impact an prevents deviant behavior (Ferris Stein 154). In the 20th Century, Robert Merton created the Structural Strain Theory that provides a connection between functionalist and conflict theories (Ferris Stein). It states that there are goals within society that people strive to achieve, however, they are unable to reach these goals and this creates a stress when people realize they cannot achieve them (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Stanley Milgram states that obedience is deeply ingrained into our behavioral tendencies and impulse overriding ethics and moral conducts (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Rebels are people that reject the cultural definitions of success and therefore are not obedient to the social norm to be successful making them deviant. Since they â€Å"rebel† to the social norm it advocates radical alternatives to the social order that  society lives in today (Ferris Stein 158). Kerckhoff and Back stated that â€Å"the belief in a tangible threat makes it possible to explain and justify one’s sense of discomfort† and this is why imprisonment and capital punishment is created (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Between the years of 1980 and 2006, the amount of incarcerated Americans went up nearly five times accumulating over two million prisoners. With less the 5% of the world’s population, we have created social acts that should be punishable by prison and have 23.4% of the world’s prisoners (Dreiling. 10/25/2012. Lecture). Sociologists and other groups have studied so in depth to crime and punishment that there are many subcategories within society that reasons with why people are incarcerated such as gender, race, age, and class as well as specified crime groups for violent, property, and white collar crimes (Ferris Stein 172, 173). Sociological imagination forces us to look at how we are asked to act and society and how we actually act. Most of the things we do in our daily lives we may think is by choice, however, it is how society wants us to live. Anytime individual’s challenge or stray from the norm of how society thinks we must function, there are consequences that are sometimes so severe that they drastically change our societies views, morals, and attitudes. By expanding our thinking about deviance we can really look at why we do not accept certain things that people do such as body modification even though it is not harming us. It also gives people the opportunity to look at how we react and punish those who are deviant and decide whether we have been acting appropriately with punishments such as capital punishment. By doing this we are given the chance to look at what we truly believe, whether it is because of macrosociology or microsociology, and make strides to change things. With sociological perspective, we are being asked to question how we do things and why. Then we are being asked not if we can change it but how. What I think should be another question is if we want to change it. We can abandon or reevaluate our opinions, beliefs, morals, and attitudes but at  the end of the day we need to look at our society and decide if the course of action is effective and if we, as individuals and a whole, feel comfortable with the standards we set on each other and ourselves. I believe that there must be a sense of right and wrong and punishment and rewards in order to have a balance in society. That is why we have deviance and crime within our society and there is nothing wrong with having a balance in our world. Bibliography 1. Ferris, Kerry, and Jill Stein. The real world: an introduction to sociology. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton Co., 2010. Print. 2. Katherine Jenkins. October 05, 2012. â€Å"I-Me-Society Journal 1†. 3. Dreiling, Michael. October 23, 2012. Lecture. 4. Dreiling, Michael. October 25, 2012. Lecture.

the beachcomber :: essays research papers

The Beachcomber She dug her hand deep into the cool damp sand and closed her eyes. Squishing the moist grains with her fingers in the fury of the day reminded her of afternoons just laying in bed wrapped up in clean, white sheets, waiting for an answer. They gave her one of course, or else she would have never left that room, but she knew that something was left unsaid. Something was just terribly, terribly wrong, and although she couldn’t seem to put her finger on it back then, she knew. The silence was okay, she could’ve lived with that. But it was the coldness that scared her; the coldness suspended in the air between them: her mommy washing dishes in the kitchen, head bent, hair swooped to the side, hiding her left cheek, and her daddy, sitting on the sofa reading the Sunday paper in silent indifference. She was caught in the middle, with her toys scattered around her, shivering at the coldness of it all. She knew. They told her it would be fun having two houses. Imagine, two of everything! Two beds, two television sets, two dollhouses†¦ Her mommy’s hands were trembling. â€Å"But I don’t want two of everything. I just want both of you.† They were quiet for a moment. Her mommy stared blankly at the wall, following a crooked line of marching ants. Her eyes were swollen and red. Below the corner of her left eye were (what seemed to the little girl) smudges of pink and purple pastel crayons. Her daddy held her shoulders gently and whispered in her ear, â€Å"I love you so much princess.† And as her daddy hugged her tight, she wondered why princesses had to live such terrible lives. Pretty soon she was living in two houses with two of everything, just like they said. She lived with her daddy and Tita Carmen in Alabang, and with her mommy in their old house in Manila. Her daddy said that Tita Carmen was very much like her mommy in Manila in that she would take care of her and love her and play dolls with her all afternoon (if she wants to). Her mommy in Manila did not say anything. She tightened her fist filled with sand, and forced herself to think of something else. Think happy. Think happy. Think strawberry ice cream with chocolate syrup. Think new dresses for Mimi, her favorite doll.

Motorcycles Are Dangerous

English 101 3131 10 November 2012 Motorcycles Are Dangerous The road is filled with cars and motorcycles but what makes motorcycles seem dangerous, is it the motorcycle itself, is it the drivers who are driving side by side with motorcycles or is it the dare devils riding motorcycles? There is a saying for motorcycles, â€Å"Its not if one fall, its when one falls. † This is said because beginners are notorious for dropping their motorcycles. Motorcycles themselves are not dangerous.It’s the non-experienced drivers and the drivers around them, that pose a threat to motorcycle riders all over the world. The thing with both motorcycles and cars, is if one were to take all the safety classes and course, they would then be less likely to come across accidents on the road. It’s also surprisingly important to know about the vehicle that you drive. Whether that be a car or a motorcycle, because if you know about the mechanics behind it, there is less of a chance that on e would get into an accident caused by a mechanical error.Riders who peacock (the act of dressing in color, very noticeable) and wear proper gear are less likely to be in an accident or be hurt in one. Drinking and riding is a big no-no, on a motorcycle the rider need to have full control of the motorcycle and surroundings, drinking even the legal limit will impair a rider far more than in a car. The standard thought is motorcycles are dangerous, but the truth is they are as dangerous as drivers make them or can be even safer than cars if the driver takes the proper initiative and audited.A motorcycle is a tool of transportation, the way it is used determines whether it is dangerous or safe. If an inexperienced person gets on a motorcycle and expects to go on a ride, most likely that person will end up in an accident and in the hospital. It is important to learn to use the tool, what it can do and how knowing all the right steps to staying safe. Motorcycleminds. org recommends that every rider take the beginning rider education class and advanced education rider class to protect oneself and others on the road.These educational classes teach one everything from tire pressure to lane sharing properly. One of the acronyms taught in these classes that beginning to expert cyclist use every time they hop on a motorcycle is T-CLOCS and it stands for tires and wheels, controls, lights, oil, chassis, stands. T-CLOCS is a MSC (Motorcycle Safety Foundation) checklist to keep siders alert and safe. The full in depth checklist can be found on http://www. msf-usa. org/downloads/t-clocsinspectionchecklist. pdf . Without T-CLOCS riders might be going out on and unsafe motorcycle asking for an accident to happen.Knowing how a motorcycle works is just half the game, practice allows for one to perfect the technique of riding making safer and safer every day but still realizing that one always need to be in control but the same can be said for drivers of cars even pedestrians on bicycles. All a motorcycle is a tool and like any other tool it can be classified as dangerous only if miss used and abused. A nail gun can be very dangerous if used improperly but when used properly it can do a professional clean job without any accidents.Broken, worn out parts can be replaced, a human life can't, safety is only as safe as the driver makes it motorcycles are not dangerous. Choosing proper riding gear will increase minimizing damage in an accident and will maximize how visible the rider is to others on the road. This is where Peacocking and safety should unite to minimize falling in blind spots of other drivers. Covering oneself in riding gear may not seem very stylish but it beats being cheese in a cheese grinder. When driving a car the people in it use seat belts and like to have airbags with outstanding crash ratings.To provide the same level of protection as a car, motorcycle riders should consider wearing proper DOT (Department Of Transportation) approved gear to ensure crash test ratings. When it comes to gear and its expenses it is important to think that the gear is the only thing between the rider and asphalt in an accident. Starting out from ground up with gear, proper boots that have ankle support and have close toes is very important. Having proper boots will prevent skin burns and many accidental rolled ankles.Depending on the kind of riding being done leg and knee pads can be bought but thick jeans or protective riding pants suffice in most cases. Hands that are not protected in an accident can be badly damaged but it is easy to prevent this by having sturdy gloves deigned for the type of riding going on. Jackets can be safe, flashy and fashionable, why not have all three working together? Most motorcycles jackets do, they will provide protective padding, materials that are comfortable but can handle road rash so that skin doesn't, and while being fashionable usually they make riders more visible to others.As Basem Wasef Writer o f Motorcycle Gear 101 on about. com said,â€Å"An old saying goes something like this: If you've got a $20 head, buy yourself a $20 helmet. † DOT approved helmets that provide three quarters to full face helmets are crucial in providing proper protections. Having all the appropriate riding gear makes falls that will happen, be less harsh and cuts the dangers of riding by a great deal. People wearing gear properly will be safe like a driver driving in a car with good crash ratings. Accidents happen in cars and motorcycles, being ready for them take many of the danger out of riding motorcycles.The most dangerous thing on a motorcycle is a fatal crash. Most people don't realize is that a majority of fatal motorcycle accidents are caused by the misuse of motorcycle or riding under the influence. â€Å"One out of three motorcycle accidents involves a rider who is driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Thirty-five percent of fatal motorcycle accidents involve a speeding motorcycle rider. † Keller and Keller law firm. Sixty-eight percent that leaves about thirty-two percent for other fatalities to be cause by things cars, trucks and motorcycles fault accidents.Following the law will prevent most motorcycle accidents. All vehicles on the road can be dangerous, if misused, not just motorcycles. Falling on a motorcycle happens but riders keep their head held high just like a teen that crashes their first car. Remembering T-CLOCS can save a riders life and the life of the surrounding people. Dressing to what, a peacock-cock-cock peacock allows on to standout and stay safe on the road. Motorcycles are not dangerous vehicles used properly, skateboards and BMX bikes can be more dangerous.As a avid motorcycle rider of four years I strongly urge anyone interested in riding in MSF (Motorcycle Safety Foundation). Keep the roads safe for future generations. Works Cited http://www. msf-usa. org/downloads/t-clocsinspectionchecklist. pdf http://dsc. discover y. com/cars-bikes/top-10-ways-to-stay-safe-on-your-motorcycle-2. html http://motorcycleminds. org/? p=847 http://ridingsafely. com/ridingsafely1. html http://motorcycles. about. com/od/gearreviews/tp/Motorcycle-Safety-Gear-101. htm http://www. 2keller. com/library/motorcycle-accident-statistics-motorcycle-acci

Immigration to the United States Essay

What reasons motivate people to immigrate to the United States? We know that most newcomers leave behind poverty and unemployment in their homelands in search of better fortunes in America. However, research on this subject suggest that the causes of immigration are often more complex and numerous than most assume. The capacity of natural disasters, environmental crises, overpopulation, wars, and civil unrest to uproot and set in motion millions of people around the globe and refugee and asylum policies that extend relief to some non-citizens fleeing political, ethnic, religious, and gender persecution. This is but a short list of the different reasons to mass immigration to the United States today. Evaluating the causes of U.S. immigration can reveal a great deal about recent immigrants, their homelands, and America’s image abroad. Daniel Tichenor from the Rutgers University states in his essay U.S.A. Immigration, â€Å"The story of the American people is a story of immigration and diversity.† Each immigrant in this country has a different reason of why he or she came to the  United States. Throughout the years the reasons change for the new immigrants; according to the American Immigration Web Page, â€Å"from 1607-1830 the major reasons were political freedom, religious tolerance, economic opportunity, people wanting a better life, better job, more money and some were forced to leave because of slavery.† There are two types of motivation for immigration â€Å"push† and â€Å"pull† factors. According to Daniel Tichenor, push factor is â€Å"the need to leave in order to survive.† Push factor is the case of the people that was mentioned before, the people that have to leave their country for political freedom, religious tolerance, and the slavery. An example of this is the case of Turkey, Morocco, Egypt, and Senegal. â€Å"These countries involve men looking for a job education, and escaping from persecution, and over a period the process is followed by family reunification migration and family formation migration†Ã‚  (push and pull factors of International Migration web page). Pull factor is when the people are attracted for what they could have in other country, like economic opportunity, better opportunity of to get a career, they want a better life. It is the case of Mexico. When Mexicans immigrants came to the United States; they are looking for better economic life. The difference between the dollar and the peso (Mexican coin) is too much, one dollar in the actuality are around eleven pesos with fifty cents, so Mexican men came to the U.S.A. to get a job, and they usually send the money they earn to their families in Mexico. In some of the cases after a few years, they bring all their family to the U.S.A. for family reunification. In some cases people have both â€Å"pull† and â€Å"push† motivations to immigrate to the United States; it is the case of Cubans. Cubans come to the United States for political freedom, escaping from Fidel Castro, and looking for a better life and more economic opportunities. As we can see, both â€Å"pull† and â€Å"push† factors in most of the cases end with the same phrase â€Å"family reunification.† Everyone who goes to other country looking for freedom or a better life need more than that, they need a family who share all the good things with, but someone who wants to live in the United States needs a citizenship or at least a residency to do it. Some of the countries have more facilities than others to get the necessary documents to live in the U.S.A. For example, for Cuba it is easier than for other countries to get the residency. â€Å"Until 1985, there was no quota for Cubans entering the United States via normal immigration procedures as there was for other immigrant groups.† In the past, both documented and undocumented Cubans who came to the U.S.A. were welcome, â€Å"Cuban undocumented entrants have always had special status, while entrants from other countries have been required to demonstrate that they were fleeing political persecution to be granted refugee status.† It is known for all around the  world that Cuba has very strong political problems, and this is the reason of why they have this special status, since 1996 â€Å"the Attorney General has had discretionary power to guarantee permanent residency to any Cuban who has been in the United States for a year, including those on visitor’s visas who have overstayed the period delineated in their  visas.† (All quotes are from the Web Page, Cubans have a very strong sense of cultural identity.) For other countries it is more difficult to get the U.S.A. residency, for example the case of Mexico. In the past if a child had been born in the United States, the parents become U.S.A. citizens as same as the child. Over the years this rule changed, in the actuality there are just two ways to become a citizen for the Mexicans, the firs one is that you by yourself submit the application to the U.S.A. embassy, and wait until all the process is ready and they’ll call you for the interview, they the people who works in the embassy, check all your status, and if you cover all the requirements they will give you the U.S.A. residency. The second way is that someone of your family, and it has to be a parent or a brother, send to the embassy a request that say that they want you to be in the country, after this it is the same process than the first one, but you have more opportunity to be accept because one member of your family is requiring you to be in the country. Only after 5 yea rs you can apply for the citizenship. A problem that new generations could find is the lost of traditions. For example in the past, the children of immigrants learned English, but they didn’t learn their parents’ first language. But this problem could be resolve; recently, Americans have placed greater value on diversity, ethnic groups having renewing and celebrating their heritage, and the children of immigrants often growing up being bilingual. The United States has welcomed more immigrants than any other country, more than 50 million in all, and still admits between 500,000 to 1 million  persons a year. Although for some countries is too difficult to be legally in the United States, more  people want to come, and it is good for the country, because we need this people, they are the labors, the workers, important people. It is the people who make the difference in the country. Work Cited Page. Tichenor, Daniel J. U.S.A. Immigration, Rutgers University, February, 2000. (Immigration Web page.) NIDI/EUROSTAT. Push and pull Factor of International Migration, Eurostat. May, 2000 (Push and Pull factors web page.) Cubans have a very strong sense of cultural identity. Cuban Immigration to the United States. February 18, 2004 (Web Page of Cuban Immigration, the date shown is the last day the page was updated.)

Bad Reporting VS Government Cover

Bad Reporting VS Government Cover Bad Reporting VS Government Cover-up Essay Bad Reporting VS Government Cover-up Upon the signing of the Constitution, the American people were given many rights and liberties. One of those rights is the right of freedom of speech. Americans tend to think that they also have the right to receive full, correct information from the media. Yet this idea has become seemingly absurd. Even Thomas Jefferson, one of the main contributors of the American Constitution and the third president of the United States once said, â€Å"The man who reads nothing at all is better educated than the man who reads nothing but newspapers.† This proves that even long ago the public had the understanding that the media readily edits the type, amount, and content of the â€Å"facts† they reveal. The series of events that the media reported during the terrorist attacks of September 11 2001, greatly demonstrate the media’s ability to edit and negotiate facts. Some of the main information that the media reported that day was about the hijacked airplanes. It all star ted at 8:00 am with American Airlines Flight 11 that was carrying 92 people, it departed from Boston and headed for Los Angeles. Just a few minutes after the plane departed, it was hijacked and subsequently redirected towards New York. At 8:14 am, Flight 175 from United Airlines also departed from Boston, but only carrying 65 people, and within five minutes the plane’s identification transponder had been shut off it was also being hijacked and turned away from Los Angeles and towards New York. Next, at 8:21 am, American Airlines Flight 77, carrying 64 people, took off from Washington and also was originally headed towards Los Angeles but was forced to change its course and was redirected toward New York too. Yet, it was not until 8:40 am, that the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) notifies the North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) about the first â€Å"suspected† hijacking of American Flight 11. It took them an astounding 40 minutes to notify the proper authorities. Then at 8:41 am United Air Lines Flight 93, Boeing 757 with 44 people on board, it takes off from Newark with a destination of Los Angeles. It was not until 8:43 am that the FAA notified NORAD about the second â€Å"suspected† hijacking this time of United Flight 175. Sadly, at 8:46am, Flight 11 slams into the North Tower at the World Trade Center, between floors 93 and 99. The aircraft struck the north side of the tower. Continuing at 9:03am the South Tower at the World Trade Center was plunged into, from the south, by Flight 175. By this time, America was in complete devastation and a contributing factor was that there were many conflicting and confusing â€Å"Breaking News† reports being broadcasted. 9:24 am the FAA notified NORAD about another â€Å"suspected† hijacking of American Flight 77. Tragically, at 9:40 am American Flight 77 crashes into Pentagon. Next, United Flight 93 crashes in a field in Pennsylvania at 10:03 am after passengers rus h the hijackers. South towers collapsed at 9:59 am followed by the North tower at 10:28 am. The collapses were massive, with tons of smoke and dust, and watched by an audience of millions. However, the information that the media reported that day was not exactly the whole story. Proven by a statement made by firefighter Louie Cacchioli, who was assigned to Engine 47 in Harlem, reported to the media that, â€Å"We were the first ones in the second tower after the plane struck... On the last trip up a bomb went off. We think there was bombs set in the building. (People Magazine, para.12)† Many of the first reports and the most of the people being interviewed on that day were all saying the same thing, that there were many explosions heard that sounded like bombs. There is even footage of the planes hitting the towers, in slow motion, showing evidence of visible explosions that happen before the planes even make contact with the towers. So what exactly are the reasons for trying to cover-up this information? A

Understanding Where Money Goes in the Stock Market

Understanding Where Money Goes in the Stock Market When a stock market price for a company suddenly takes a nosedive, a stakeholder may wonder where the money they invested went. Well, the answers not so simple as someone pocketed it. Money that enters the stock market through investment in a companys shares stays in the stock market, though that shares value does fluctuate based on a number of factors. The money invested initially in a share combined with the current market value of that share determine the net worth of shareholders and the company itself. It may be easier to understand this given a specific example such as three investors - Becky, Rachel, and Martin - entering the market to buy a share of Company X, wherein Company X is willing to sell one share of their company in order to increase capital and their net worth through investors. An Example Exchange in the Market In this scenario, Company X has no money but owns one share that it would like to sell the open exchange market while Becky has $1,000, Rachel has $500, and Martin has $200 to invest. If Company X has an Initial Public Offering (IPO) of $30 on the share and Martin buys it, Martin would then have $170 and one share while Company X has $30 and one less share. If the market booms and Company Xs stock price goes up to $80 per share, then Martin decides to sell his stake in the company to Rachel, Martin would then exit the market with no shares but up $50 from his original net worth to now total $250. At this point, Rachel has $420 left but also acquires that share of Company X, which remains unaffected by the exchange. Suddenly, the market crashed and Company X stock prices plummet to $15 a share. Rachel decides to opt out of the market before it goes any further down and sells her share to Becky; this places Rachel with no shares at $435, which is down $65 from her initial net worth, and Beck at $985 with Rachels stake in the company as part of her net worth, totaling $1,000. Where the Money Goes If weve done our calculations correctly, the total money lost has to equal the total money gained and the total number of stocks lost has to equal the total number of stocks gained. Martin, who gained $50, and Company X, who gained $30, have collectively gained $80, while Rachel, who lost $65, and Becky, who is sitting on a $15 investment, collectively lost $80, so no money has entered or left the system. Similarly, AOL’s one stock loss is equal to Becky’s one stock gained. To calculate the net value of these individuals, at this point, one would have to assume the current stock exchange rate for the stake, then add that to their capital in the bank if the individual owns stock while subtracting the rate from those who are down a share. Company X would, therefore, have a net value of $15, Marvin $250, Rachel $435, and Beck $1000. In this scenario, Rachels lost $65 has gone to Marvin, who gained $50, and to Company X, who has $15 of it. Further, if you change the value of the stock, the total net amount Company X and Becky are up will be equal to $15, so for every dollar the stock goes up, Becky will have a net gain of $1 and Company X will have a net loss of $1 - so no money will enter or leave the system when the price changes. Note that in this situation nobody put more money in the bank from the down market. Marvin was the big winner, but he made all his money before the market crashed. After he sold the stock to Rachel, hed have the same amount of money if the stock went to $15 or if it went to $150. Why Does Company Xs Value Increase When Stock Prices Fall? It is true that Company Xs net value does go up when the stock price goes down because when the price of the stock plunges, it becomes cheaper for Company X to repurchase the share they sold to Martin initially. If the stock price goes to $10 and they repurchase the share from Becky, they will be up to $20 as they initially sold the share for $30. However, if the stock price goes to $70 and they repurchase the share, they will be down $40. Note that unless they actually make this transaction Company X does not gain or lose any cash from changes in the share price. Lastly, consider Rachels situation. If Becky decides to sell her share to Company X, from Rachels perspective it doesn’t matter what price Becky charges Company X as Rachel will still be down $65 no matter what the price. But unless Company actually makes this transaction, theyre up to $30 and down one share, no matter what the market price of that share is. By constructing an example, we can see where the money went, and see that the guy making all the money made it just before the crash happened.

Torsion Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Torsion - Lab Report Example ners, are frequently subject to this perspective of torsion testing mainly for the sake of determining their levels of strength especially under duress (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, 1961).   Torsion test may take place under three major categories. These includes; failure testing, operational testing, as well as proof testing. Failure testing has to do with the aspect of material twisting till it breaks (HELLER, 1975).  Proof testing on the other hand plays a role of observing whether specific material can withstand a certain torque load quantity over a given timeframe. Finally, operational testing is meant for testing particular products for confirmation of their elastic limits before taking them to the market. It is often deemed very critical to take records of each and every torsion test result. This is done through creation of a stress-strain graph with both X-axis and Y-axis bearing the values regarding the angle of twist and the torque respectively. With use of a torsion testing device, twisting is done at quarter-degree level of increments with subsequent recording of the torque it can actually withstand. The twist angle corresponds to the strain, and the measured torque corresponds to the stress. A torsion test is often conducted on various materials so as to determine their torsional features. These properties includes; Ductility, shear elasticity, ultimate and yield shear strengths, as well as the rapture modulus. Torsion test performance is mainly done for various distinct purposes and significance (KEETON, 1975).  This is because, by testing products such as switches, biomedical catheter tubing, automotive steering columns, fasteners, among others; manufacturers gets the ability of simulating service conditions, checking of product quality, designs verification, and the aspect of ensuring adequate manufacturing techniques. The material’s elastic limit refers to the point upon which it will no longer return back to its unique size or

The NEGATIVE MESSAGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The NEGATIVE MESSAGE - Essay Example It is essential that our facility creates a good impression so that the public feels that we are professional and efficient organization. Our product requires that our clients trust us enough to believe that we will reliably insure their possessions and lives, and not let them down. Their first impression of us must be good and the condition of our offices must reflect our professionalism. Often in the last few months, we have found it necessary to contact your company so that tasks would be done that should have been part of every day’s routine. Accidental messes and spills were not taken care of on six occasions at least, during the ordinary cleaning rounds of the crews. We then had to contact your company directly to have the required work done. We also to escalated our communications and did, on two occasions in the last three months, contact you directly. Despite your assurances that the situation would improve, we are still experiencing problems.

Managing and Leading Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing and Leading Change - Essay Example Organizations are part of the society and are thus affected by the changes in the societal trends (Drucker 2005). As has been observed, employees in these organizations resist changes and are not willing to accept new staff. The need for the employees to accept change especially where leaders exit or there is need to implement new technologies in production (Fullan 2007). Kim should lead its employees in embracing change by involving them and communicating in a timely way the expected results from the change process. There is also need for the employees and stakeholders of Spice Tall to develop a culture of adhering to procedures and using communication channels to express their dissatisfaction. The adherence to procedures will make the employees avoid incidences that cause accidents and breakages. If well developed, the accidents and losses experienced in the warehouse will be reduced and curtailed. The use of the formal communication channel will make the employees avoid rumors and speculations (Cummings & Worley 2008). ... At the same time, management and employees need to accommodate the diverse decisions by compromising. Rigidity retards growth, innovation and hampers adversely on the performance of an organization (Northouse 2009). Barriers in attaining its success will face a business that fails to convince its employees on the core objectives and actions. To achieve the expectations and the target, Spice Tall needs to embrace task culture. An organization that employs task culture will create different work teams that are assigned the duty of achieving a particular result. Employees work as a team and are empowered to make decisions that will enable them realize the core objective (Northouse 2009). If well introduced in the case of Spice Tall, the employees’ motivation and morale will increase making the business grow and increase their returns. Moreover, it will enable Kim concentrate on the results rather than the personality or the processes hence getting relieved of the many duties beca use the culture of delegation will arise. Organization culture is therefore critical in the attainment of the organization success. The management should comprehend the basic assumptions, shared values, and norms in order to avoid conflicts in the making of major decisions. At the same time, new staff must be ready to learn the organizations culture within a short time period for the organization to accomplish its objectives in a short time span (Fullan 2007). The culture of the organization must accommodate the diverse nature and practices of the individuals who are part of the system. Kim must therefore make the employees embrace the practices that are necessary for the organization to be on track in the realization of its aims. Leadership Approach Successful change processes require good

Sachin Tendulkar Essay Example for Free

Sachin Tendulkar Essay Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar (Listeni/ËÅ'sÉ™tÊÆ'É ªn tÉ›nˈduË lkÉ™r/; born 24 April 1973) is a former Indian cricketer widely acknowledged as one of the greatest batsmen of all time, popularly holding the title God of Cricket among his fans. Some commentators, such as former West Indian batsman Brian Lara, have labelled Tendulkar the greatest cricketer of all time. He took up cricket at the age of eleven, made his Test debut against Pakistan at the age of sixteen, and went on to represent Mumbai domestically and India internationally for close to twenty-four years. He is the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International, the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in international cricket. and the 16th player and first Indian to aggregate 50,000 runs or more in all forms of domestic and international recognised cricket. In 2002 just half way through his career, Wisden Cricketers Almanack ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind Don Bradman, and the second greatest ODI batsman of all time, behind Viv Richards. Later in his career, Tendulkar was a part of the Indian team that won the 2011 World Cup, his first win in six World Cup appearances for India. He had previously been named Player of the Tournament at the 2003 edition of the tournament, held in South Africa. In 2013, he was the only Indian cricketer included in an all-time Test World XI named to mark the 150th anniversary of Wisden Cricketers Almanack. Tendulkar received the Arjuna Award in 1994 for his outstanding sporting achievement, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award in 1997, Indias highest sporting honour, and the Padma Shri and Padma Vibhushan awards in 1999 and 2008, respectively, Indias fourth and second highest civilian awards. After a few hours of his final match on 16 November 2013, the Prime Ministers Office announced the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna, Indias highest civilian award. He is the youngest recipient to date and the first ever sportsperson to receive the award. He also won the 2010 Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards. In  2012, Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament of India. He was also the first sportsperson and the first person without an aviation background to be awarded the honorary rank of group captain by the Indian Air Force. In 2012, he was named an Honorary Member of the Order of Australia. In December 2012, Tendulkar announced his retirement from ODIs. He retired from Twenty20 cricket in October 2013 and subsequently announced his retirement from all forms of cricket, retiring on 16 November 2013 after playing his 200th and final Test match, against the West Indies in Mumbais Wankhede Stadium. Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in total, scoring 34,357 runs.

The Definition of Insanity as it Relates to Criminal Offences :: Criminal Justice

The insanity defense is a defense asserted by an accused in a criminal prosecution to avoid liability for the commission of a crime because, at the time of the crime, the person did not appreciate the nature or quality or wrongfulness of the acts. The insanity defense is used by criminal defendants. The most common variation is cognitive insanity. Under the test for cognitive insanity, a defendant must have been so impaired by a mental disease or defect at the time of the act that he or she did not know the nature or quality of the act, or, if the defendant did know the nature or quality of the act, he or she did not know that the act was wrong. The vast majority of states allow criminal defendants to invoke the cognitive insanity defense. Another form of the insanity defense is volitional insanity, or Irresistible Impulse. A defense of irresistible impulse asserts that the defendant, although able to distinguish right from wrong at the time of the act, suffered from a mental disease or defect that made him or her incapable of controlling her or his actions. This defense is common in crimes of vengeance. For example, suppose that a child has been brutally assaulted. If an otherwise conscientious and law-abiding mother shoots the perpetrator, the mother may argue that she was so enraged that she became mentally ill and incapable of exerting self-control. Very few states allow the volitional insanity defense. The insanity defense should not be confused with Incompetency. Persons who are incompetent to stand trial are held in a mental institution until they are considered capable of participating in the proceedings.The insanity defense also should be kept separate from issues concerning mental retardation. The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2002 in Atkins v. Virginia, 536 U.S. 304, 122 S. Ct. 2242, 153 L. Ed. 2d 335 (2002) that the execution of mentally retarded criminals constituted "cruel and unusual punishment" and that it was prohibited by Eighth Amendment. But if a person is acquitted by reason of insanity, execution is not an option. The insanity defense reflects the generally accepted notion that persons who cannot appreciate the consequences of their actions should not be punished for criminal acts. Most states regulate the defense with statutes, but a few states allow the courts to craft the rules for its proper use. Generally, the defense is available to a criminal defendant if the judge instructs the jury that it may consider whether the defendant was insane when the crime was committed.

Military Compensation versus Civilian Compensation

The advantages of a career in the U. S. military greatly outweigh working in a civilian career when considering compensation such as education, salary, health care, and retirement. In today’s economy, everyone is looking to receive the most from his or her employer. A person wants a salary that can provide for his or her family, a healthcare plan with little out-of-pocket cost, retirement benefits to plan for the future, and an education that makes it all that possible.The military offers exemplary tuition assistance and salary when benefits such as the basic housing allowance are taken into consideration. In the same way, the military’s retirement plans and health care benefits are superior to that of civilian employers because of its low cost. The following will compare military compensation to civilian compensation, and why a career in the military provides a superior benefit package. Although there are some benefits to civilian compensation packages, the military of fers the best educational program. Few civilian employers offer tuition reimbursement for employees.Those that do offer tuition reimbursement; require that the employee pay the cost of tuition up front and complete the class before receiving reimbursement. The employee must also maintain a certain grade point average (GPA) to qualify for tuition reimbursement. Once an employee has completed his or her education, the employer often requires the person to remain employed for a certain amount of time after receiving tuition reimbursement. If the employee terminates employment before the agreed upon timeframe, the employee may have to repay tuition reimbursement funds, (Smith, 2008).Unlike civilian employers, the military offers a superior education program called the GI Bill. The GI Bill pays full tuition and fees to the school, a monthly housing allowance, and an annual books and supplies stipend, (U. S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2011). In the same way, The GI Bill requires that the service member maintains a certain GPA and consequently, if a service member fails to complete or pass a class, he or she must reimburse the Veteran Affairs Educational Department. An additional advantage of The GI Bill is the ability to relinquish benefits to a spouse or a child.Therefore, by choosing a career in the military a person has many more opportunities to advance his or her education versus choosing a civilian career, where educational opportunities are limited. Admittedly, there are some benefits to the civilian compensation structure, the total military compensation package is better. According to â€Å"Entry Level Salary† (n. d), the average salary for an entry-level civilian position is $37,000. 00 per year, whereas as entry-level military base salary is $16,000. 00 per year, (Dyer, 2008).Compensating for low salaries, the military offers sign on bonuses of up to $40,000.00, (The Scoop On Army Enlistment Bonuses, 2010), basic housing allowances, basic allow ance for subsistence, overseas pay when stationed in another country, and hazard duty pay when deployed to a hazardous theater. Another significant difference between the two employers is how wage increases and promotions are received. The majority of civilian employers use annual performance reviews to reward employees with a pay raise or a promotion whereas military service members must meet time in service, time in grade, performance and education standards to receive a promotion and a raise.In conclusion, the military does receive a better compensation package when bonuses, basic housing allowance, and other itemized pay are taken into consideration. While civilian and military employers both offer similar retirement plans, military employees have a more cost-efficient plan. Civilians have two types of retirement plans to choose from: a defined-benefit plan and a defined-contribution plan. Defined-benefit plans have a pension of some kind that the employer pays for and a defined -contribution plan is typically a 401k that an employee invests his or her own money in to, (The CNA Corporation, 2008).Becoming eligible for a defined-benefit plan requires that employees work for the company for a minimum of five years; however, retirement payouts are larger the longer an employee stays with a company. Civilian employees must also wait until at least age 62 to retire and can retire anytime between the age 62 and 70; however, retirement benefits are reduced when an employee retires early. Military retirement plans are very different from their civilian counterparts, in that military service members do not invest any money into their retirement plan.After 15 years of service a military employee can choose between two plans: a standard High-3 plan or a Redux retirement plan. The standard High-3 plan bases retirement pay on the highest average basic pay for 36 months of a service member’s career. Choosing the Redux retirement plan, a service member will receive a $30,000. 00 bonus, a percentage-based annuity, and basic pay. Military employees can retire after 20 years of service, so the average age of a service member at retirement is age 40. Another remarkable benefit that military service members can use for retirement is a thrift savings plan that resembles a civilian 401k.The most significant difference in a thrift savings plan is that the military does not match any employee contributions. By not matching what a service member invests into a thrift savings plan the employee can contribute more money into a tax-deferred plan than he or she could contribute to an individual retirement account, (The CNA Corporation, 2008). By not contributing to a retirement plan, military service members will save more money and be able to invest more toward a future than civilian employees.Although military and civilian employers both offer health care benefits, the benefits offered by the military are more cost efficient. Civilian employer’s h ealth care packages require an employee to pay an average annual premium of $13,000. 00 to cover a family’s health care. Employees must also incur the cost of copays, an amount a person pays at the time of service; and deductibles, an amount that the insured person must meet before health benefits are used. When choosing a doctor, hospital, or specialist; a civilian healthcare plan has several limitations to overcome.On the contrary, active duty service members pay no premiums, copays, or deductibles for health care benefits. Unlike civilian employers, the military offers health care benefits to reserve (part-time) service members, veterans, and retired personnel at low-cost, affordable rates and service members can use any doctor, hospital, or specialist that accepts TRICARE, the military’s main healthcare provider. The government is working on raising the standards of civilian health care to the more cost-efficient plan the military has incorporated; however, there i s still much to accomplish.In conclusion, when choosing a compensation package based on education, salary, retirement, and health care; the military offers a superior compensation package than that of a civilian career. Choosing a military career will not only provide compensation and health care to take care of a family, it will provide a retirement plan for the future and an education to better oneself. Most of all, when looking at civilian and military compensation packages side-by-side a potential employee can determine that the best option is a military career for its stability and cost-efficient compensation packages.

This assignment will examine issues around social exclusion and teenage pregnancy

Q. Describe and write a critique of any ‘personal trouble' and illustrate how the key theoretical concepts raised in this class can help you explain it as a ‘public issue'. This assignment will examine issues around social exclusion and teenage pregnancy. It will explore the links between teenage pregnancy, poverty, and how it links into the underclass theory. This assignment will look at the trends in teenage pregnancy in the United Kingdom. It will focus on issues based around assumptions that teenage pregnancy is a personal trouble and a public issue and why teenage pregnancy is a problem and whom it is a problem for. I will be looking at what the government expectations of young people are and how they hope to raise the aspirations of these young people through education and training. It will examine the government policies and practices in relation to teenage pregnancy whilst critically analysing the implications that these have on teenage pregnancy. Teenage pregnancy according to figures published in S. E. U (1999) are rising dramatically and despite the introduction of compulsory sex education there doesn't seem to be anyway of stopping these figures from further rising. In England alone there are approximately 90,000 young people getting pregnant, girls under 16 account for about 7,700 of these pregnancies, and approximately 2,200 of these being under 14 years of age. Out of these pregnancies around 3/5,s go to full term and result in live births. If you explore this further the figures show that around 56,00 babies are born each year to teenage mothers. The figures suggest that there are 87,000 children living with teenage mothers in England alone. These statistics are frighteningly high and the government is aiming to halve the rate of teenage pregnancies in nder 18 year olds by the year 2010. Teenage pregnancy occurs in all classes of society but the figures show definite links between teenage pregnancy, being more prevalent in the poorer underclass, and those daughters of single mothers who themselves may have been teenage mothers. These links according to S. E. U (1999) state that ‘ socialisation and deprivation are two of the main causes of teenage pregnancy. ‘ They also state that ‘overall teenage parenthood is more common in areas of deprivation and poverty†¦ teenage pregnancy is often a cause and a consequence of social exclusion. Information collated and analysed by the S. E. U enabes us to see how they have reached their theories surrounding teenage pregnancy. It shows how they identified and linked the risk factors to teenage pregnancy and how all of these seem to have an association with the poorest category of society the `underclass`. The report by the S. E. U (1999) also shows how these risk factors can be seen in geographical concentrations, thus the teenage pregnancy map, ‘ resembles the distribution of local authorities identified as the most deprived in the unit's report on neighbourhood enewal. ‘ The map shows that the poorest areas of England have up to more than six times a higher rate of teenage pregnancies than the more affluent areas. The areas outside of London which have been identified has having the highest rates of conception amongst young people are industrial cities which are going through economic recession and ports which are suffering from loss of jobs due to the recent collapse of ship building industries. How does this then prove the government's theory that teenage pregnancy is linked to social exclusion? A list of factors relating to women in their mid-thirties who had become teenage mothers, the evidence confirms that the vast majority are low achiever's, do not work, single with many being reliant on long term benefits. As a result of this they have not had the opportunity to progress in life and has a result of this are trapped in the cycle of poverty, deprivation and social exclusion. Hence the S. E. U report say ‘teenage pregnancy is often the cause and a consequence of social exclusion †¦ overall teenage parenthood is more common in areas of deprivation and poverty'. Thus adding weight to the governments argument about teenage pregnancy being a public issue. The figures show that teenage pregnancy is a public issue; the facts show that the UK has the highest rate of teenage pregnancy in Western Europe. This is three times higher than France and nearly six times higher than Holland. Could this be down to our lack of morals? The fact remains that in Holland if you have a child in your teenage years and out of wedlock the local communities still shun you and there is a lot of social stigma attached to this. Whilst in the UK teenage pregnancy along with cohabiting has become the `norm` and are more easily accepted, with very little stigma attached to it. The law states that sex under sixteen is unlawful and young women cannot give consent for sexual intercourse to take place. Yet in 2000 there were more than 7,000 young people under sixteen, who had conceived, with over 54% ending in legal abortions. That is a lot of young people participating in an illegal sexual intercourse. Where have all the traditional family values gone? Traditionally people meet, fall in love, get married, have children and become a loving secure family unit. With the changing trends and loss of family values more than 90% of teenage births are outside of marriage. Thus changing family life has it was and creating a new trend towards single young mothers, children being brought up without permanent father figures, who are dependent upon the state to provide for them unless some changes can be made. The government states that it costs tax payers over i10 billion each year, the S. E. U reports say that this money could be better spent else where, and that unless we get this phenomena under control we can not support this rising tide of young teenage mothers. The government has been looking at the Netherlands and the United States for inspiration on how to deal with these issues. The Netherlands have one of the lowest teenage birthrate, they educate young people from a young age and take a more realistic approach to sex education. Compare this to the United States who do not provide support for teenage mothers and have used controversial measures such as forced sterilisation of certain ethnic groups and the family of these young people have to support them financially and emotionally in order for them to survive. Do young people see it as a problem? Is it an issue for young people? After looking at facts there seems to be no evidence that states it is a problem for the young people themselves, thus it is no big issue for them. Maybe it is just another way for the government to control the lives of young people? The government seems to be saying that teenage mothers are not equipped with the skills and knowledge to become competent parents, but who decides what makes a good parent, how can age be a deciding factor in good and bad parenting. So is it just an assumption that teenage pregnancy is a problem, functionalists would argue that it is just a process of socialisation and that if the young people aspirations could be raised then they would be able to break the cycle. Durkheim's anomie theory (1951: 273) seems to suggest ‘that a condition of normalness arises when a disruption of the social order occurs†¦ so that they are no longer controlled by the collective social order. ‘ Compare this to Merton's anomie (1938:53) ‘ the roots of which lie in a structural strain, generated by differential access to opportunity structures. Currently young girls who have little or no education and very few plans for the future are 30% more likely to get pregnant than those who aspire to gain qualifications and are well educated. Not being educated, in training or work are factors that are seen as being a negative influence on young girls and thus the risk of them becoming pregnant rises. Teenagers from socially deprived, poor families are less likely to have abortions compared to the young girls from more affluent families has they have higher aspirations in life and also have the funds to pay for private abortions. The lack of aspirations in the poorer young girls life, can lead them to believe that they can do nothing else and also if it was not a personal trouble for their mother then why should they expect anything else in life. Evidence seems to support the socialisation theory, with young girls often having no prospects due to lack of education, family support to break the cycle, believing that this is the way life is that this is all that life has to offer them and seeing that this is the way their life has been apped out for them. The lack of knowledge and confidence can also stop young girls from accessing services, which are available to them, and this just reinforces the negativity within their lives. As a result of finding themselves pregnant many young girls from poorer backgrounds, are less likely to continue with their education, compared to the young girls from more affluent homes who are expected to succeed in education and already have a prosperous career mapped out for them by their parents and peers. As a result of this young mothers from poor areas, start to become trapped in the cycle of poverty, with no way of supporting themselves and child they find themselves in the benefit trap. If they wait until the child is old enough to start school, returning to education is extremely hard and most training and apprenticeships are only open to school leavers. So with no experience, qualifications, expensive childcare and limited employment options due to most young mothers only being able to afford to work during the school time hours which are usually the lowest paid jobs the poverty trap begins a down ward spiral of debt and depravation. Therefore becoming a single teenage mother is a stigma and figures show them to be a burden on society hence a public issue. Are teenage mothers to blame for the creation of the emerging underclass in society? Teenage young mothers are often referred to as being a contributing factor in creating the underclass. The underclass theory (Murray 1980) describes this as ` people who are at the bottom of the social ladder, structurally separate and culturally distinguishable from the `decent` working class `. Murray (1980) discovered this new class of people in the 80's and he labelled them as the new underclass in Britain. He blames this emerging underclass on the over zealous welfare state system, which was set up to provide relief from poverty, not provide people with an alternative way of life. Where has Marx (1951) suggests that` we are born into a social class†¦ which are modified locally by region and neighbourhood`. Thus the teenage mothers cannot be to blame for the creation of the underclass, which adds viability to the theory put forward by Murray. The result of this theory is that there are now younger single parent families due to the ability to support themselves through the benefit system. Murray (1980) goes on to say that before the welfare system started to increase the level of provision there were few single parent families because they were not economically viable. He states `that the more generous benefits have made it possible for women to have children outside of marriage†¦ therefore the welfare state is to blame for this phenomenon. Thus he argues that the benefit system is to blame for single parents and they are a contributing factor of the underclass theory. Charles Murray (1980) goes on to say that we are creating a culture of dependency and if the benefits were taken away from single parents, it would discourage young people from becoming pregnant and is a possible solution to stop further development of the underclass. Many other people believe that young girls get pregnant on purpose in order to gain priority in the housing and benefits system. There are many flaws in Murray's (1980) theory the main one being that single teenage parents is seen in all class stratification and is not exclusive to the underclass element of society. Statistics show that young people do not start to enquire about benefits and housing prior to getting pregnant therefore these facts are not a forethought to getting pregnant. Research shows that most teenage pregnancies are not planned and young people seem to rarely plan for the future until after they are pregnant so they are very unlikely to have become pregnant in order to obtain benefits. Liberal thinking social theorists argues that the idea of an underclass diverts attention away from what the real issues are and the disadvantages experienced by certain groups of people in society especially young people from working class backgrounds. The conservatives denied poverty existed, so why is there a need for a welfare state and where is the emerging underclass. Labour said that it is just a lack of means to work that causes poverty, thus justifying the need for a welfare state and acknowledging the `underclass` exists. Other political groups outside these seem to blame poor education, bad housing unemployment, and family breakdown has main reasons why people become dependent on benefits and thus the underclass theory serves a purpose to hide the real causes of teenage pregnancy and social exclusion. Teenage pregnancy is a cause of and consequence of social exclusion, these young people share the values as everyone else unfortunately they have limited opportunities and are therefore restricted in plans for their future. These young people are deemed to be suffering from inequalities in life and are victims of an unjust society, which fails to ensure a fairer distribution of opportunities and resources. Poverty and social exclusion has a direct affect on the choices young women make about abortion and sex education, and if all young people had the same opportunities and options open to them when they find themselves pregnant or prior to having sex then maybe the rate of teenage pregnancies would fall. If young women have a clear vision about their future, their options in life explained clearly through education and training then they will have nothing to gain by choosing early parenthood. Whereas young people with no job prospects, poor education, who expects to be on benefits anyway might see that having a baby is going to provide them with a better future. The government are under pressure to cut the rate of teenage pregnancies as currently the UK has the highest rate in the western world. So what can the government do when the media seems to undermine all the initiatives that the labour government have come up with? All the media misrepresentation has altered the public's perception of teenage pregnancy and how the sex education program is delivered. The general consensus seems to be that Pregnancy advice is right, just the tactics used to deliver it are wrong. The media has highlighted this issue, alongside figures pointing out the amount of money currently being spent to deliver these services. It implies that all the time and money is being wasted has teenage pregnancy rates continue to ise. The media seems to be blaming the government for wasting money and accusing them of being dictators to young people The Daily Mail newspaper reports â€Å"60 million to tell girls that it is okay to be a virgin† how can this reduce the rate of teenage pregnancy, this nanny government is wasting money telling young people how to their lives. Whilst the girls are being advised to stay virgins they are not being told about sex and how it could affect them in their future and the message to boys is that sex is okay just wear a condom so the gap between the genders just keeps getting reinforced. The government have responded to this positively by bringing out new policies and are changing ways of delivering this service to youngpeople these include: Compulsory sex education: Sex education in schools is to become compulsory part of the national curriculum and will be taught alongside reading, writing, maths and science. The fact that it is compulsory seems to indicate that all children are being taught sex education but this is not so as parents can opt to remove their children if they so wish to. So were is the compulsory part? Should it be given to all children regardless to what a parent may feel? It is a civil right for every young person to be educated, so why is the choices to learn about sex being taken away from the young person, Why does a parent have the right to dictate to the young person what they need to learn to become a responsible adult later in life? Without sex education how can a child make the transition through adolescence from a child to a teenager who has a need to experiment sexually safely? To conclude, teenage pregnancy is a personal personal and a public issue. Many adoloscents I think fell trapped in a viscious circle. However I think that social exclusion and teenage pregnance are inextricably linked and these terms cannot be separated. The government have reccomended that young people should have better access to sex advice and other issues based around sex education. This is good practice but these clinics are not available countrywide, it is up to individual schools and parents to decide whether or not this service is should be available. On the other hand would these clinics encourage young people to have sex which would create an even bigger public issue?